Managing Cover Crops
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Collapse ▲We have categorize cover crop managements with a focus on benefits for soil Health and Soil Organic Matter within four different regions of North Carolina – Tidewater, Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Mountains.
| Fall/Winter crops | Spring/Summer crops | |
| Legumes (can help with wind erosion- need early planting for sufficient growth) | Hairy vetch (suited to poorly drained soils than crimson clover, More N supply than clover, rye, resistant to fluctuating climate) | |
| Small grains (helps against nitrate leaching) | Fescue (Cool season grass, can be grown in fall/winter in Blackland and mineral soils- tackles water erosion, suited in corn-soybean rotation) | Barley ( As a companion crop with vegetable crops in spring, as windbreak) |
| Cereal rye ( tolerance to wet and acid soils, help against wind erosion in muck soil) | Forage soybean (suited to wet soils, should be avoided with cash crop soybean) | |
| Wheat (help against wind erosion in muck soil) | Coastal bermudagrass ( suited to dark surface mineral soils) | |
| Oats | ||
| Alkaligrass ( can grow in wetland marsh areas) | ||
| Brassicas (reduction in nitrate leaching) | Daikon radish | |
| Other brassicas (Canola, Turnips, Kale, Collards, Mustards) |
| Fall/Winter crops | Spring/Summer crops | |
| Legumes | Hairy vetch (suited to sandy soils, moderate biomass in NC and high nitrogen) | Cowpeas ( good erosion control, not suited to wet conditions) |
| Crimson clover ( more and faster dry matter prodn. in spring, erect growth-easy to manage, crimson clover-late spring crops, crimson clover-no till corn, good for reseeding) | Soybeans (Better aggregation- enhanced water infiltration) | |
| Austrian winter pea ( frost damage prone, but can be planted in both west (early), east (late) | Sunn hemp (Better aggregation- enhanced water infiltration) | |
| Cahaba white vetch (not winter hardy, can be planted in winter of warmer region) | Velvet bean | |
| Blue lupine ( adapted to slightly acid soils) | ||
| White lupine | ||
| Small grains (suitable for late planting in CP region) | Cereal Rye (soil erosion resistance in sandier coastal plain soils, early fall growth, reduces nitrate leaching from surface waters) | Sorghum sudangrass ( greater density, height- wind erosion control, than all millets) |
| Oats ( More biomass than wheat and barley, better for mixture with legumes) | Sorghum | |
| Wheat ( Hessian fly prone- late planting after first frost in winter can help) | Browntop millet | |
| Triticale (deep roots can help break compaction) | Japanese millet | |
| Annual Ryegrass | Pearl millet ( suited to acid, droughty soils) | |
| Brassicas | Daikon radish ( Deep rooted- breaks compaction, and nutrient scavenging) | |
| Other brassicas ( Canola, Turnips, Kale, Collards, Mustards) | ||
| Broadleaf plants | Sunflower | |
| Buckwheat ( help break surface crusting) |
Piedmont: Have more clay, Requires Cold tolerance/ winter hardiness, Hessian fly issue
| Fall/Winter crops | Spring/Summer crops | |
| Legumes | Common vetch ( more and earlier growth than hairy vetch in winter, suited to all well drained coarse and fine textured soils) | Cowpeas |
| Hairy vetch (more winter hardy than crimson clover and winter peas) | Soybeans (Better aggregation- enhanced water infiltration) | |
| Crimson clover (suited to well drained soils, tolerant acidity) | Sunn hemp (Better aggregation- enhanced water infiltration) | |
| Balansa clover (most winter hardy, not suited to sandy soils) | ||
| White lupine ( more winter hardy than blue lupine) | ||
| Winter peas (prone to nematodes/pathogens, prone to freeze damage, but can be used if planted early in winter before frost) | ||
| Small grains | Oats (less susceptible to hessian fly, more biomass than wheat) | Sorghum sudangrass ( greater density, height- wind erosion control, than all millets) |
| Barley ( similar biomass as oats, but prone to hessian fly) | Sorghum ( produce good biomass with late summer plantings before frost) | |
| Cereal rye | Pearl millet (suppresses nematodes, more acid tolerant) | |
| Annual ryegrass | ||
| Triticale | ||
| Wheat ( prone to hessian fly, less biomass than oats, triticale and cereal rye) | ||
| Brassicas | Daikon radish (can scavenge high residual N if present in soil) | |
| Other brassicas (Canola, Turnips, Kale, Collards, Mustards) | ||
| Broadleaf plants | Sunflower | |
| Buckwheat |
Mountains: Have more clay, Requires Cold tolerance/ winter hardiness, Hessian fly issue
| Fall/Winter crops | Spring/Summer crops | |
| Legumes | Common vetch ( more and earlier growth than hairy vetch in winter, suited to all well drained coarse and fine textured soils) | Cowpeas |
| Hairy vetch (more winter hardy than crimson clover and winter peas) | Soybeans (Better aggregation- enhanced water infiltration) | |
| Crimson clover (suited to well drained soils, tolerant acidity) | Sunn hemp (Better aggregation- enhanced water infiltration) | |
| Balansa clover (most winter hardy, not suited to sandy soils) | ||
| White lupine ( more winter hardy than blue lupine) | ||
| Winter peas (prone to nematodes/pathogens, prone to freeze damage, but can be used if planted early in winter before frost) | ||
| Small grains | Oats (less susceptible to hessian fly, more biomass than wheat) | Sorghum sudangrass ( greater density, height- wind erosion control, than all millets) |
| Barley ( similar biomass as oats, but prone to hessian fly) | Sorghum ( produce good biomass with late summer plantings before frost) | |
| Cereal rye | Pearl millet (suppresses nematodes, more acid tolerant) | |
| Annual ryegrass | ||
| Triticale | ||
| Wheat ( prone to hessian fly, less biomass than oats, triticale and cereal rye) | ||
| Brassicas | Daikon radish (can scavenge high residual N if present in soil) | |
| Other brassicas (Canola, Turnips, Kale, Collards, Mustards) | ||
| Broadleaf plants | Sunflower | |
| Buckwheat |